William Christou
The Guardian / September 3, 2025
UNIFIL condemns ‘serious attack’ on Tuesday morning as it was clearing a road and adds that no one was hurt
Beirut – Israeli drones dropped four grenades near UN peacekeepers in south Lebanon, the agency’s force said on Wednesday, in what it described as “one of the most serious attacks” on its personnel since a November ceasefire.
The UN peacekeeping force in Lebanon, UNIFIL, said the Tuesday morning attack came as it was clearing a road to a UN position close to the Israeli border, adding that no one was hurt.
The attack came despite UNIFIL informing the Israeli military in advance of where and when it would be conducting roadwork in south Lebanon. It was “one of the most serious attacks on UNIFIL personnel and assets” since the November ceasefire that ended the 14-month Israel-Hezbollah war, the force said.
Peacekeepers were working to clear roadblocks preventing access to a UN position south-east of the village of Marwahin when an Israeli drone dropped one grenade 20 metres away and three more 100 metres away from UN personnel and vehicles. After the attack, Israeli drones were seen returning towards Israel.
The force stopped the work “out of concern for the safety of peacekeepers following the incident”, UNIFIL said. It added that any attack on peacekeepers or interference with its mission was a serious violation of international law and that it was the responsibility of the Israeli military to ensure the safety of UN forces in south Lebanon.
The attack came days after the UN security council ordered the withdrawal of the peacekeeping mission at the end of next year after nearly half a century, following intense US and Israeli pressure.
The peacekeeping force was first established in 1978 to oversee the withdrawal of Israeli troops from south Lebanon, but after the 2006 Israel-Hezbollah war was tasked with monitoring violations of UN resolution 1701, which acted as a ceasefire. UNIFIL cannot use force except in cases of self-defence, but instead notifies the Lebanese army of ceasefire violations.
Israeli forces attacked UNIFIL peacekeepers more than two dozen times during the 14-month Israel-Hezbollah war that ended in November, while Hezbollah also hit the peacekeeping mission on several occasions. Peacekeepers are considered civilians under international law and intentional targeting of them is illegal.
Israel has long accused UNIFIL of being lax on Hezbollah, a claim the force rebuffs. The US in recent months has drawn closer to Israel’s position and backed the ending of the mission – a move it styled as boosting the sovereignty of the Lebanese army over its own country.
The peacekeeping force has also come under pressure from Hezbollah, with patrols frequently blocked by local residents, due to a popular perception that UNIFIL is serving Israeli interests in the area.
The government of Lebanon, for its part, relies on UNIFIL as a buffer with Israel and as support for its underequipped and understaffed army.
The government is drafting a plan to take concrete steps to disarm Hezbollah and other armed non-state groups in the country, with the Lebanese army tasked with carrying out the plan. The Hezbollah-Israel war severely weakened the group, and in combination with the ousting of its longtime ally, the former Syrian president Bashar al-Assad, loosened the militia’s tight grip on the country.
UNIFIL has helped the army in its disarmament of south Lebanon, which is part of the November ceasefire agreement. Israel was also meant to fully withdraw from south Lebanon under the terms of the ceasefire, but has said it will not do so until Hezbollah is fully disarmed.
The Lebanese government has condemned Israel’s continued presence in Lebanon post-ceasefire, as well as its near daily airstrikes on the country, which it says are aimed at preventing Hezbollah from reconstituting itself.
The continued airstrikes have bolstered Hezbollah in its narrative that the militia is needed to defend the country – a narrative the Lebanese government has rejected as it seeks to restore its monopoly on violence.
William Christou is a Beirut-based journalist
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What is UNIFIL ?
Guardian Staff
The Guardian / October 15, 2024 [!]
What is UNIFIL and what does it do ?
The United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon was established to patrol the country’s southern frontier after Israel invaded in 1978. The UN’s top decision-making body, the security council, has since renewed and expanded its mandate repeatedly, notably during Israel’s 18-year occupation of southern Lebanon between 1982 and 2000. UNIFIL’s role was further updated at the end of the 2006 war with Hezbollah.
At its core, the agency seeks to keep the peace in areas between Lebanon and Israel. To do so, it monitors any movements of Israeli or Lebanese forces across the “blue line”, a 75-mile (120km) UN-mapped line that has become a de facto border. It is also tasked with helping the Lebanese national army keep the area free of militants. This has not worked because Hezbollah, Lebanon’s most powerful political and military force, effectively controls the south of the country.
Who are the peacekeepers and where do they operate ?
The 10,000-strong UNIFIL force is drawn from 50 countries, backed by about 800 civilian staff. Indonesia is the biggest contributor with more than 1,200 uniformed personnel, followed by India, Ghana, Nepal and Italy. Spain, France and Ireland also contribute troops and have spoken out for their safety. The area of operations for UN peacekeepers is marked by the Litani River in the north and the blue line in the south. UNIFIL forces operate from 29 positions across southern Lebanon.
What has happened in recent weeks ? [October 2024]
Since Israel invaded Lebanon on 1 October, its forces have repeatedly fired on UNIFIL positions, as well as on medics and first responders. UNIFIL has blamed the IDF for a string of violations, including forcibly entering a base on Sunday. The UN peacekeeping chief, Jean-Pierre Lacroix, said on Monday that five peacekeepers had been injured in recent days and that the UN had protested about this to Israel.
What has Israel said ?
Israel has demanded the peacekeepers evacuate the area, which would in effect neuter the force. It says UNIFIL has failed to keep Hezbollah militants – who have engaged in a tit-for-tat war with Israel for years – out of southern Lebanon.
The Israeli prime minister, Benjamin Netanyahu, has said Israel “will make every effort to prevent UNIFIL casualties”. This contradicts UNIFIL’s assertion that it has been deliberately fired on. He also accuses the peacekeepers of “providing a human shield” to Hezbollah.
Both Israel and Hezbollah place their forces near UNIFIL positions.
Can UNIFIL fire back when attacked ?
Technically yes, although in practice it does not. As a peacekeeping mission, UNIFIL says its “personnel may exercise their inherent right of self-defence” and may use “proportionate and gradual use of force” to protect civilians under imminent threat of physical violence.
What are Israeli-UN relations like ?
Israel has a hostile relationship with the UN and has attacked its schools, medical centres and aid workers. The antagonism is in large part the result of the role that UN aid and rights bodies have played over the decades in protecting Palestinians and highlighting abuses under Israeli occupation.
Israel has long accused the world body of being biased against it. Netanyahu has called it a “house of darkness” and a “swamp of antisemitic bile”. The UN secretary general, António Guterres, who has spoken out against Israel’s killings, was recently made persona non grata.
